How to use the i ching – an introduction

How to use the i ching – an introduction

summary

The I Ching, pronounced “ee cheeng“, sometimes written as Yi Jing and also known as The Book of Changes, is an extraordinary classic text. This post provides and introductory guide to help you understand and use the I Ching to benefit your life.

essential teaching notes

I Ching basics

The I Ching is not commonly recognised or discussed in the West, yet surprisingly many people have an old copy tucked away somewhere on their bookshelf or have encountered its Chinese Taoist wisdom during their experimental student days, perhaps without progressing the experience further.

When I hold workshops on the I Ching I’m always amazed at the sheer variety of I Ching books my students have amassed, often without ever fully understanding or accessing its wisdom.

The I Ching is one of the oldest and most spiritual books in the world and, coupled with the Tao Te Ching, it makes up the fundamental sacred teachings that command a special place in all Taoist’s hearts. For many Chinese thinkers and philosophers the I Ching is as important as the Bible is to Western society and philosophy, although it’s read and consulted in a totally different way.

The I Ching is essentially a means of obtaining spiritual guidance, inspirational insight and Universal wisdom. It can help with personal development or provide encouragement in finding authentic understanding and solutions to the questions or decisions that are of importance to you at any given time or situation.

The book acts not only as a spiritual compass but also offers a wealth of beautiful poetry and Chinese philosophy that stretches back 5000 years into the origins of ancient Chinese customs and values. Its wisdom has the potential to stimulate your sensitivity, creativity and resourcefulness, even whilst experiencing the most challenging and demanding emotional periods of your life, often when those vital personal qualities are not so readily accessed.

In this regard the I Ching can also be helpful as a meditation support, providing comfort and guidance. The text and subsequent visualisations that flow from its words have the power to stimulate a deep-seated personal authentic vibration.

These mystical aspects are both challenging to explain and unique to each reader, but nevertheless the spiritual inspiration and experiences that result are as valid today as when our Eastern ancestors began consulting these ancient texts.

Appreciating Oneness

Paradoxically there’s no need to study or even understand Taoist philosophy to appreciate or benefit from the teachings of the I Ching. All that’s necessary is the sincerity and aptitude to explore the concept of aligning with natural and Universal laws and the energetic polarities of Yin and Yang.

To many Westerners polarity may mean opposites, as in ‘negative’ and ‘positive’. To understand and embrace the I Ching it’s necessary to abandon these rather fixed ideas and perceptions and instead appreciate that the seemingly opposing energies of Yin and Yang are in fact complementary.

They are part of the whole or Oneness almost like a ‘cosmic web’ to be explored. Indeed, great insight and awareness can be gained by simply re-focusing your perception on the entirety rather than a single isolated part of the energy being contemplated or encountered (this principle relates to a profound Taoist teaching that was passed onto me when I was ordained and I have written several other articles on this particular subject).

In the same way that night follows day, gradually and without division, or the seasons evolve into one other, it may be interesting for you to consider that nothing is fixed or ever unchanging; nothing is split into past, present or future; everything is interlinked and constantly moving and changing, always in a state of flux and transition.

Quantum physics and cosmological research are now driving forward Western theories of ‘interconnection’ and ‘co-existence’ at an exciting pace. I’m heartened to read that ‘unscientific’ Taoist hypotheses on such matters, which were dismissed only a few years ago, are now receiving approval from earlier doubters!

These concepts also relate to what Jung called ‘synchronicity‘ – a way of looking at things which connect one to another in unexpected ways. For example, you might be thinking of someone and then, apparently out of the blue, they arrive on your doorstep or they call you on the telephone. Or you may be worrying about a problem or situation and, seemingly by chance, you find an answer in a newspaper or magazine article you’re reading, or it seems to appear from nowhere.

The truth is likely that the ‘answer’ has always been within you, sometimes overlooked, blocked or stagnated, but it is there nevertheless, waiting to be accessed!

Finding your flow

Another important principle examined within the I Ching is how to maintain this energetic vibration of inter-connectedness by encouraging the smooth harmonious flow of Qi within yourself, your life and the world around you. There is no name or word in the West that directly translates the word ‘Qi’. The label that is often used is ‘energy’ and although this is a useful description I think the terms ‘life-force / universal-force’ or ‘love’ are perhaps more holistic and apt in widening your understanding of this profound concept.

As with all types of energy, Qi comprises of Yang energy (active, masculine and powerful) and Yin energy (passive, feminine and gentle) to make it whole. The balance between the two is ever changing and transforming and this is signified by the wavy, not straight, centre line (or Wu Wei line) in the familiar Yin-Yang symbol (also known as Tai Chi or The Great Ultimate).

The concepts of Yin-Yang and energetic balance and flow have a deep and meaningful relationship in your life and that of the Universe as a whole. Taoist thinking holds that everything in the Universe is generated from the Yin-Yang polarity and the flow between the two. And so it is that the philosophy of the I Ching welcomes change, movement, transformation, momentum and regeneration.

The Chinese word ‘I‘ normally translates as ‘change‘ and the book is all about change: exploring and defining the changes that you’re presented with, which may be beyond your current understanding, as well as revealing possibilities for future change, action, or indeed inaction (the latter relating to the Taoist teaching of ‘Wu Wei’).

Letting go and embracing choice

Through the process of consulting the I Ching the numerous ideas that the book presents become a positive focus of your creative attention. In turn your thoughts and energy shift away from dwelling excessively on the stimuli, issue or situation being confronted and the emotional feelings you may be experiencing. This then allows you to begin to address the matter at hand in a more balanced, authentic and resourceful way.

The change outlined in the text could be perceived as negative, positive or any possible scenario in between the two. This is the wonder and joy of the I Ching and a point which many people misunderstand. The I Ching doesn’t predict future circumstances or events and it contains no hard and fast rules or commandments.

It simply highlights all choices, paths of action and possibilities open to you. It allows for your personal interpretation and meditation on the text and inspires you to look within yourself to find your authentic truth. Your subsequent decisions and actions will be determined only by your personal viewpoint and choice.

I like to think of it as consulting my own very old, wise, inscrutable 5,000 year old Chinese sage. You may prefer to think of it connecting to your ‘inner guide’, ‘inner compass’, ‘intuition’, ‘gut feeling’, ‘guardian angel’, ‘spirit guide’, ‘Buddha’, ‘God’, or whatever concept feels most appropriate to you.

To use the I Ching to its fullest you should approach the text with an open mind and without expectation. Allow it to stimulate and broaden your perspective on the situation or change you are encountering. Embrace and respond to it in a way that moves you onto your path of true self-worth. Seek to align with and incorporate the change rather that opposing or blocking it, thus ‘going with the flow’, holding your balanced ‘Wu Wei’, no matter how challenging or fearful it may emotionally feel at the time.

When you go with the flow in this way you become more creative and authentic, you begin to let go of past and outdated modes of conditioning and thinking that no longer serve you and your authentic potential.

And so it follows that if you alter your perception of the present your future must change.

Remember: the ancestor of your current situation is a thought, and the same principle applies to your future.

The I Ching offers a source of self-enlightenment, appreciation of your self-worth, and can empower you to reach your true harmonious potential. When you go with the flow, rather than clinging to the energy of an outdated situation, relationship or mindset, nothing remains fixed or rigid. You become open to all opportunities, which then flood into your life almost as if you’ve turned on a tap of Universal energy and love.

If this all sounds a little familiar, it is – this ancient Taoist concept is exactly what advocates of the ‘Law of Attraction’ are talking about right now!

Consulting the I Ching

The I Ching is made up of 64 chapters, each relating to a corresponding ‘hexagram’ which presents a particular message. Full details of the method of consultation are given in most I Ching books and I so will provide only a brief resume here.

The first step in consulting the I Ching is to formulate a question and create a hexagram, typically though the process of throwing coins.

There are several other ways to consult the I Ching – one traditional method uses grains of rice, another uses yarrow sticks (allegedly because Yarrow grows on the grave of Confucius) but the main method used in the West is throwing coins, usually Chinese, although any coins will do the job.

Before you cast the coins write down and meditate on the question relating to the stimuli, issue or situation you are facing. Being mindful to formulate the question ‘correctly’ can be an invaluable part of the meditative and enlightenment process. Then ‘throwing’ the I Ching is very simple: with your question in mind, shake the three coins in a cupped hand and throw them down when you feel the time is right – there is no time limit protocol.

Creating a Hexagram

In throwing the coins the intention is to create a hexagram. Each hexagram is built up from a series of six lines, either broken or unbroken, which are considered to be a reflection of the energetic qualities of the situation at hand.

A straight line ‘_______’ represents Yang energy or young Yang, and a broken line ‘____ ____’ represents Yin energy or young Yin. There is also another energetic quality which reflects the fact that the Yin or Yang energy of any situation is dynamic and thus may be at the point of transformation, either from Yin to Yang or vice versa. These lines are called ‘moving’ or ‘changing’ lines and a can be Yin moving/changing (old Yin) or Yang moving/changing (old Yang).

It is the unique combination of the four energetic qualities and possibilities over the six lines of the hexagram that represent the energy of the whole of the situation you are consulting on.

If you use the coin method, every time you throw your three coins the outcome can be translated into an energetic line. By throwing the coins six times you then create the six lines that become the whole hexagram.

Once you have formulated your question you should select three coins which have an identifiable ‘head’ and ‘tail’ or two easily distinguishable sides that you can assign the following numerical values to: heads = 3 and tails = 2.

By throwing the three coins their combined total value will fall between 6 and 9. For example, two heads and one tail would total 8, two tails and a head would total 7, three tails would total 6, etc.

These values can then be translated their energetic lines:

3 tails thrown = value of 6, represented as a Yin broken line which becomes a moving/changing line (old Yin), because the coins are identical:

2 tails and 1 head thrown = value of 7, represented as a Yang straight line (young Yang):

2 heads and 1 tail thrown = value of 8, represented as a Yin broken line (young Yin):

3 heads thrown = value of 9, represented as a Yang straight line, which becomes a moving/changing line (old Yang) because the coins are identical:

Note that moving/changing lines within the hexagram are often represented with an ‘x’ or ‘o’ in the middle of the line to indicate that the lines are changing from Yin to Yang, or Yang to Yin, respectively.

The value and energetic line type of the first throw corresponds to the first or bottom line of the hexagram, the value and energetic line type of the second throw corresponds to the second from bottom line, etc. Repeating this throwing action six times then builds the hexagram from the bottom up.

The bottom three lines of the hexagram are referred to as the lower trigram and the top three lines are referred to as the upper trigram, together they make up the whole hexagram.

An example would be:

Once you have the trigrams written down you can consult the grid table which is printed in the back of all I Ching books to identify the name and number of the hexagram you will be consulting – this is your primary hexagram. Both the hexagram and the position of the two trigrams have very important meanings, which become evident as your reading progresses.

In the example shown above the particular upper and lower trigrams shown are called ‘Sun’ and ‘Li’ respectively. Together they make up hexagram 37, called ‘Chia Jen’, translated as ‘The Family’.

Shifting energy and the importance of changing lines

Each hexagram chapter is divided into two sections. The main opening text gives a broad overview of the message and should always be read. There’s also a series of six supplementary passages, each relating to one of the six lines of the hexagram.

If you throw values of 6 or 9 and therefore have moving/changing lines within your hexagram you should also read the additional line passages that these correspond to for further guidance or insight.

With the hexagram example above, the second and fifth lines are moving/changing and so the line passages two and five should also be read alongside the main opening text.

Where moving/changing lines are present within your hexagram this can mean that the situation or question presented is in an extreme state of flux, unbalanced or due for immediate change and attention. In addition to reading the supplementary line passages within your primary hexagram chapter, the moving/changing lines can also be ‘allowed to change’: every old Yin (6) becomes a young Yang (7), and every old Yang (9) becomes a young Yin (8), and so a second extension (or relating) hexagram is created.

Your two hexagrams can then be read together (the main body text and relevant line passages of the primary hexagram and the main body text of the extension hexagram) to disclose the full meaning of the guidance being offered.

Using the example above, the following second extension hexagram would be created by allowing the moving/changing lines to transform:

make up hexagram 26, called ‘Ta Ch’u, translated as ‘The Taming Power of The Great’.

This whole process can seem a little mechanical and cumbersome at first but don’t let it prevent your authentic consultation. The methodical and mindful nature of the practice is actually very important as it slows down your highly stimulated human-centred mind allowing you to access your more meditative, creative Tao mind, enabling a true reflection of the current situation or issue to manifest.

 

Conclusion

In this article I’ve covered the basics of my philosophical interpretation and practice of consulting the I Ching. I intend to expand upon both these aspects in much greater detail in future posts, but for now I hope this introduction has whetted your appetite sufficiently that you seek out and dust off that old copy of the I Ching that may have been sitting neglected on your bookshelf or that of a nearby bookstore!

For me the I Ching represents an entire ancient philosophy and so should be treated with respect.

It symbolises the cyclical interconnections of the Universe and is a guide to a personal path of balance and harmony (Wu Wei) that follows natural laws which Western scientific endeavour are slowly awakening to.

Most importantly the I Ching does not give you the ‘answers’, rather it empowers you and encourages you to look within. Paradoxically, it appears mystical simply by emphasising your own phenomenal nature!

Remember: authentic inspiration originates from being at one with yourself, nature and the Universe.

You came from Source, you return to Source, therefore YOU ARE SOURCE.

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Source

https://wuweiwisdom.com/how-to-use-the-i-ching/

Do Our Questions Create the World?

Do Our Questions Create the World?

Quantum theorist John Wheeler’s “it from bit” hypothesis anticipated ongoing speculation that consciousness is fundamental to reality

By John Horgan

John Archibald Wheeler (right), conversing with Albert Einstein and Hideki Yukawa, at Princeton, 1954.

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Is quantum mechanics weird if no one is paying attention to it? Lots of people are paying attention to it now, and they seem to agree it’s weird. Several new books address the topic, including Beyond Weird by Philip Ball, What Is Real? by Adam Becker (see reviews by James Gleick and David Albert) and When Einstein Walked with Godel by Jim Holt (see the chapter “Einstein, ‘Spooky Action’ and the Reality of Space”). Scientific American has posted several columns on quantum weirdness, including “Quantum Physics May Be Even Spookier Than You Think,” by Ball, and “Coming to Grips with the Implications of Quantum Mechanics,” co-written by Bernardo Kastrup. Two physicists often cited in quantum discussions are John Wheeler and David Bohm, whom I interviewed in the early 1990s and wrote about in The End of Science. I thought my profiles of these physicists might contribute to current quantum debates. Below is my (lightly edited) profile of Wheeler, who died in 2008. I’ll post on Bohm soon. John Horgan

John Archibald Wheeler, the archetypal physics-for-poets physicist, is famed for his analogies and aphorisms, self-made and coopted. Among the one-liners he bestowed on me when I interviewed him at Princeton on a warm spring day in 1991 were: “If I can't picture it, I can't understand it” (Einstein); “Unitarianism [Wheeler's nominal religion] is a feather bed to catch falling Christians” (Darwin); and “If you haven't found something strange during the day it hasn't been much of a day” (Wheeler).

“I do take 100 percent seriously the idea that the world is a figment of the imagination.” John Wheeler (1911-2008). Credit: Princeton University

Wheeler is also renowned for his physical energy. When we left his third-floor office to get some lunch, he spurned the elevator—“elevators are hazardous to your health,” he declared--and charged down the stairs. He hooked an arm inside the bannister and pivoted at each landing, letting centrifugal force whirl him around the hairpin and down the next flight. “We have contests to see who can take the stairs fastest,” he said over a shoulder. Outside, Wheeler marched rather than walked, swinging his fists smartly in rhythm with his stride. He paused only when he reached a door. Invariably he got there first and yanked it open for me. After passing through I paused in reflexive deference--Wheeler was almost 80--but a moment later he was past me, barreling toward the next doorway.

The metaphor was so obvious I almost suspected Wheeler intended it. He has spent his career racing ahead of other scientists and throwing open doors for them. He has helped win acceptance--or at least attention--for some of science’s most outlandish ideas, from black holes to multiple-universe theories. Wheeler might have been dismissed as flakey if he did not have such unassailable credentials. In his early 20s, he traveled to Denmark to study under Niels Bohr (“because he sees further than any man alive,” Wheeler wrote in his fellowship application). In 1939 Bohr and Wheeler published the first paper to explain nuclear fission in quantum terms. Bohr also taught Wheeler to “be prepared for a surprise, and a very great surprise.”

After World War II Wheeler became an authority on general relativity. He coined the term black hole in the late 1960s, and he helped convince astronomers that these bizarre, infinitely dense objects might actually exist. He also became increasingly intrigued by the philosophical implications of quantum physics. The most widely accepted explanation of the “meaning” of quantum mechanics was the so-called orthodox, interpretation (although “orthodox” seems an odd descriptor for such a radical worldview). Also called the Copenhagen interpretation, because Bohr lectured on it in Copenhagen in the late 1920s, it holds that we cannot specify the nature of fundamental reality. Subatomic entities exist in a probabilistic limbo of many possible “superposed” states until they are brought into focus by the act of measurement.

Wheeler was one of the first prominent physicists to propose that reality might not be wholly physical; in some sense, our cosmos must be a “participatory” phenomenon requiring the act of observation--and thus consciousness itself. Wheeler also drew attention to intriguing links between physics and information theory, which was invented in 1948 by mathematician Claude Shannon. Just as physics builds on an elementary entity, the quantum, defined by the act of observation, so does information theory. Its “quantum” is the binary unit, or bit, which is a message representing one of two choices: heads or tails, yes or no, zero or one.

Wheeler became more deeply convinced of the importance of information after conceiving a modified version of the famous two-slit experiment, which demonstrates the schizophrenic nature of quantum phenomena. When electrons are aimed at a barrier containing two slits, the electrons act like waves; they go through both slits at once and form what is called an interference pattern, created by the overlapping of the waves, when they strike a detector on the far side of the barrier. If the physicist closes off one slit at a time, however, the electrons pass through the open slit like simple particles and the interference pattern disappears.

In Wheeler’s version, called the delayed-choice experiment, the experimenter decides whether to leave both slits open or to close one off after the electron has already passed through the barrier--with the same results. The electrons seem to know in advance how the physicist will choose to observe it. This experiment was carried out in the early 1990s and confirmed Wheeler’s prediction.

Wheeler accounted for this conundrum with yet another analogy. He likened the job of a physicist to that of someone playing 20 questions in its “surprise” version. In this variant of the old game, one person leaves the room while the rest of the group--or so the excluded person thinks--agrees on some person, place or thing. He then re-enters the room and tries to guess what they have in mind with a series of questions that can only be answered with a yes or a no.

But unbeknownst to the guesser, the group has decided to play a trick on him. The first person to be queried will only think of an object and answer the question after the questioner asks his question. Each person after that will do the same, making sure that his response is consistent not only with the immediate question but also with all previous questions.

“The word wasn't in the room when I came in even though I thought it was,” Wheeler explained. In the same way, the electron, before the physicist chooses how to observe it, is neither a wave nor a particle. It is in some sense unreal; it exists in an indeterminate limbo. “Not until you start asking a question, do you get something,” Wheeler said. “The situation cannot declare itself until you've asked your question. But the asking of one question prevents and excludes the asking of another.”

Wheeler has condensed these ideas into a phrase that resembles a Zen koan: “the it from bit.” In one of his free-form essays, Wheeler unpacked the phrase as follows: “...every it--every particle, every field of force, even the spacetime continuum itself--derives its function, its meaning, its very existence entirely--even if in some contexts indirectly--from the apparatus-elicited answers to yes-or-no questions, binary choices, bits.”

Inspired by Wheeler, physicists and other researchers began probing the links between information theory and physics in the late 1980s. String theorists tried to use strings to knit together quantum field theory, black holes and information theory. Wheeler acknowledged that these ideas were still raw, not yet ready for rigorous testing. He and his fellow explorers were still “trying to get the lay of the land" and "learning how to express things that we already know” in the language of information theory. The effort may lead to a dead end, Wheeler said, or to a powerful new vision of reality, “the whole show.”

Wheeler emphasized that science has many mysteries left to explain. “We live still in the childhood of mankind,” he said. “All these horizons are beginning to light up in our day: molecular biology, DNA, cosmology. We're just children looking for answers.” He served up another aphorism: “As the island of our knowledge grows, so does the shore of our ignorance.” Yet he was also convinced that we will someday find “the answer.”

Abruptly Wheeler jumped up and pulled down a massive black book on gravity that he co-wrote in the late 1980s. Flipping to the book’s final page he read: “Someday surely we will see the principle underlying existence as so simple, so beautiful, so compelling that we will all say to each other, 'How could we all have been so stupid for so long.” Wheeler looked up from the book, his expression beatific. “I don't know whether it will be one year or a decade, but I think we can and will understand. That's the central thing I would like to stand for. We can and will understand.”

Many modern scientists, Wheeler noted, have shared his faith that humans will one day find the key to the mysteries of existence. Kurt Godel, Wheeler’s former neighbor in Princeton, believed that the key might have already been discovered. “He thought that maybe among the papers of Leibniz, which in his time had still not been fully smoked out, we would find the--what was the word--the philosopher's key, the magic way to find truth and solve any set of puzzlements.” Godel felt that this key “would give a person who understood it such power” that only “people of high moral character” should possess it.

Yet Wheeler’s mentor Bohr apparently doubted whether science or mathematics could achieve such a revelation. After Bohr died, his son told Wheeler that his father had felt the search for the ultimate theory of physics might never reach a satisfying conclusion; as physicists sought to penetrate further into nature they would face questions of increasing complexity and difficulty that would eventually overwhelm them. “I guess I'm more optimistic than that,” Wheeler said, “but maybe I'm kidding myself.”

The irony is that Wheeler’s it from bit implies that a final theory will always be a mirage, and that truth is something created rather than objectively apprehended. His view comes dangerously close to postmodernism, or worse. In the early 1980s, organizers of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science placed Wheeler on the same program as three parapsychologists. Wheeler was furious. At the meeting, he made it clear that he did not share the belief of his co-speakers in psychic phenomena. He passed out a pamphlet that declared, in reference to parapsychology: “Where there’s smoke, there’s smoke.”

But Wheeler himself has suggested that there is nothing but smoke. “I do take 100 percent seriously the idea that the world is a figment of the imagination,” he remarked to physicist/science writer Jeremy Bernstein in 1985. Wheeler must know that this view defies common sense: Where was mind when the universe was born? And what sustained the universe for the billions of years before we came to be? He nonetheless bravely offers us a lovely, chilling paradox: At the heart of everything is a question, not an answer. When we peer down into the deepest recesses of matter or at the farthest edge of the universe, we see, finally, our own puzzled face looking back at us.

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John Horgan, who has written for Scientific American since 1986, comments on science on his free online journal Cross-Check. He has also posted his books Mind-Body Problems and My Quantum Experiment online. Horgan teaches at Stevens Institute of Technology.

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Source

https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/cross-check/do-our-questions-create-the-world/

An Introduction to the Outer Planets

An Introduction to the Outer Planets

by Donna Young

© Donna Young - published by Constellation News, 2018 / 19.12.2018

For thousands of years Saturn was the planet that set the boundary for our solar system. With the advent of telescopes in the early 1600’s, it became possible for star gazers to see farther than ever imagined. Neptune was the first planet to be observed by Galileo, but at the time he didn’t realize what he was looking at and Uranus became the first official outer planet to be identified in 1781.  This was followed by a confirmation of Neptune in 1846, and the discovery of Pluto in 1930.

The outer planets were named after Greek and Roman gods and are related to their mythologies, but their astrological interpretation was developed based on what was going on in the world when they were discovered.

These outer planets move so slowly that on their own they don’t add a lot of information to the natal chart. On an individual level, these outer planets can affect the individual quite profoundly when they are closely connected to the more personal planets by aspect relationship. Here we will see the strength of the outer planets asking the individual to rise to the challenges and accept the power that they might bring into our everyday lives. We can also look to house position to determine what area of life they might be influencing. But their energy by sign is felt on more of a collective level. We look to these signatures to gather information about larger groups or generations of people. Because they are in a sign for a much longer period of time, their influence is more powerful, causing a deeper experience than the closer, faster moving planets.

As we go through the transits of the planets, consider that there are three phases that we need to think about: The first is the moment of birth; what kind of environment were these children born into? The second is when these children come of age. What was going on when these children started to find their voice as young adults? What are they protesting? What changes do they hope to see in the world? And the third is when this same group of children become adults and begin to have influence in the world. What does it look like when they are the people in power?

Because we are looking at the outer planets from a generational perspective, we are wise to look at history to help us make sense of what to expect moving forward.  The historical examples given are largely from a European perspective but will give an idea of how the energy of the planets coincided with what was transpiring on a larger scale.

Uranus

• Discovered in 1781
• Orbit: 84 years
• 7 years in each sign
• Co-Rules: Aquarius
• Masculine – Malefic
• Retrograde 1x/year for 5 months: desire for unconventional behaviour is internalized.
• MYTHOLOGY: Conceived from chaos, Ouranos, the Sky Crowned with Stars. Married to Gaia (mother earth). Most of the other gods came from their union.
• COLLECTIVELY:  Dramatic change, new social movements and change, technological advances
• INDIVIDUALLY: Our desire to individuate, revolutionary thoughts, questioning of authority, need for freedom, flash of inspiration, feelings of alienation. Look to house position to see what area of your life is unconventional, where you do not follow societal norms, where you need to learn to express your unique individuality, where you might find yourself challenging authority.
• RULES:  Disruptions, unique expression, sudden events and breakthroughs, rebellion, innovation, disasters and catastrophes, telecommunication
• SKILLED: idealistic, original, inventive, expression of individuality, innovative, liberated, genius, spontaneity.
• UNSKILLED: erratic, inflexible, irresponsible, rebel without a cause, unreliable, stubborn, disruptive, negative response to authority.

Uranus is the first of the modern planets, discovered in 1781. This was the time of the first industrial revolution, with the discovery of an extraordinary number of inventions, and the push toward modern science (the first reference to a scientist came in 1833).

Its symbolism was assigned based on its eccentric order and the global political revolutions that were occurring around the time of its discovery.

Originally Uranus was interpreted as partaking of the nature of Mercury and Saturn. It was considered wholly unfortunate. Today, astrologers tend to say Uranus represents the need for freedom, originality, sudden changes and new possibilities, the possibility of chaos, the unexpected, innovation, our desire to be unique, liberated, and radical. It also represents genius and eccentricity, invention and original ideas.
Many astrologers believe it rules all new technology and scientific discoveries.

Alan Leo (1911): 
His professions: electrician, scientist, metaphysician, astrologer, and uncommon professions of every kind.
(E)ccentric, electric, and changeable, being a mixture, or essence, of all the planets. (Displays) eccentricity, abruptness, originality, genius, and superior refinement and subtlety of ideas.

Marc Edmund Jones (1945):
Uranus, in its indication of independence, brings social reality to the point of individual opportunity. ... Uranus is essentially a planet of deviation in a highly creative sense, actually inoperative in any area of conscious experience unless there are elements in the individual life which are somehow challenging to the entire context of a modern world. It provides the measure of originality and genius.

Karen Hamaker-Zondag (1980):
Uranus stands for the factor in man which, for the sake of self-determination, is all too ready to break up the old patterns, kept in existence by the Saturn function, in order to replace them by patterns and forms which will give the psyche more room for development. Scope for unrestricted and unconditional self-expression is a prerequisite for those with a strong Uranus function, and it can give rise to eccentric behavior in either a constructive or destructive sense, when combined with the urge to break through forms.

Robert Hand (1981):
Uranus intrudes with an energy that is unexpected and often disruptive. Uranus energies strive to break one out of patterns that have become too rigid... Along with Neptune, it is associated with alternative states of consciousness. ... In order to deal with Uranus, detachment is necessary. One must not be wedded to any status quo.

Uranus in Gemini – Mutable Air - Adapting to social and intellectual learning

1781

• The discovery of Uranus coincides with the Industrial Revolution which begins in 1764, and is on the heels of the US Declaration of Independence in 1776.

1858-1866

• Those born 1858 -1866 were the first to have access to the phonograph and telephone as adults.
• 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species supporting his theory of evolution
• 1861-1865 – Civil War - slavery is abolished in the US

1942-1949

• First electronic computer – 1945
• 1947 – the Birth of the CIA
• The 1941 -1948 generation manifested in the hippie movement along with other groups who were in opposition to established ways of thinking.

Uranus in Cancer - Cardinal Water –Iinnovations, emotional connections

1782 – 1788

• 1785 – flying shuttle is invented, enabling weavers to double their speed. Improvements eventually made the process possible through the use of water power, and the first factory came to be. Employees are often women and children. 

1866-1871

• Transcontinental Railway (North America)
• Transatlantic Telegraph cable was built – undersea cable built under the Atlantic Ocean connecting overseas friends and families.
• Seven weeks war between Austria and Prussia
• German unification completed
• 1870 – first gasoline powered combustion engine
• Development of the telephone

1949-1956

• Working Women – rebel against traditional family roles
• Crooners: singers who sing sentimental songs ex) Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby
• Television invades the home, producing the first TV generation.

Uranus in Leo - Fixed Fire – Creative self expression, need for individual identity

1789-1794

• French Revolution 1789-1794 ending with the abolition of the monarchy
• 1789 French National Assembly implements the liberal idea of equality
• Romantic movement awakens nationalist feelings

1871-1878

• 1865-1877 Radical Reconstruction gives enfranchised blacks a voice in US government

1956-1962

• August 1955 until August 1962 – The motion picture industry was radically altered because of competition with television
• 1960 FDA approve THE PILL – people can experience sex more openly without fear of becoming pregnant
• This generation group was too young for the sixties and so are more conventional in their approach to life. They are talented investigators or analysts and provide many of the "yuppie" computer professionals. Most in this group are self-contained, shrewd, secretive, careful, tenacious, calculating and capable. They are more thoughtful, hesitant, reflective and unsure than the elder boomers, but often no less outgoing and exhibitionist (since Uranus is in Leo). In fact, many in this group have already made quite an impression in the show business world. Examples: Scott Baio, Matthew Broderick, Katie Couric, Tom Cruise, Michael J. Fox, Woody Harrelson, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Demi Moore, Eddie Murphy, Donny Osmond, Sean Penn, Prince, Tim Robbins.
  http://philosopherswheel.com/generations.htm

Uranus in Virgo – Mutable Earth - Need to analyze, discriminate and function efficiently

1794 – 1807

• Rise of Romanticism
• Electricity
• Steam Engine
• Collapse of Prussia

1878-1885

• 1884: Oxford Dictionary published – to push past limitation and use this dictionary to help function more efficiently.
• 1879 - Thomas A. Edison invents electric light
• 1881 - First union is formed

1962-1969

• Dec. 24, 1962. Burundi, Jamaica, Western Samoa, Uganda, and Trinidad and Tobago become independent
• June 28, 1969 Stonewall riot in New York City marks beginning of gay rights movement – need to liberate who you are.

Uranus in Libra – Cardinal Air - Initiating social and intellectual action to create balance

1801-1807

• 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself emperor of the French. The focus is on the abolition of serfdom, equality before the law, the protection of property rights, and public education, but fails to defend the rights of women, children and slaves. 

1885-1891

• Invention of automobile
• Invention of electronics, wireless radios

1969-1975

• Apollo 11 – first man on the moon
• Music Videos came out and were a huge hit – change in music & arts
• Attitudes toward marriage changed and were less conventional - the spirit of the union is more important than the form. Legalities are not as important as love.
• Sept 5, 1972 - Eleven Israeli athletes at Olympic Games in Munich are killed after eight members of an Arab terrorist group invade Olympic Village; five guerrillas and one policeman are also killed.

Uranus in Scorpio – Fixed Water – Stabilising emotional security, need for deep involvements and intense transformations.

1808-1813

• Berlin University founded
• Britain opens up New Zealand for immigration

1891-1898

• 1895 - X-rays invented by German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen
• 1896 - First enzyme discovery - Eduard Buchner 
• Sigmund Freud begins practising what he coins psychoanalysis

1975-1981

• First mobile phone – changes how people interact
• May 23, 1977 Scientists report using bacteria in lab to make insulin
• Anti-Nuclear war protests begin
• 1980 – Peak in divorce rates in the US

Uranus in Sagittarius - Mutable, Fire – Need to explore and expand horizons of mind and world

1814-1821

• Foundation of Hindu College, Calcutta
• First trans-atlantic steamship

1898-1904

• 1903 - Wright brothers fly first airplane
• 1903 - Henry Ford organizes Ford Motor Company
• 1900 – first wireless audio message sent

1981-1988

• Canada Act 1982 – liberation & bring fresh idea to reforming of outdated methods to the areas of education, philosophy, religion

Uranus in Capricorn - Cardinal, Earth -  Initiating material action – need for structure, organization and social accomplishment

1822-1828

• 1825 Uprising in Russia
• Mackintosh raincoat first sold

1905-1912

• 1905 - The Russian Revolution of 1905 begins 1907 - Second Hague Peace Conference, of 46 nations, adopts 10 conventions on rules of war. (change to gov & social structure)
• 1911 - Chinese Republic proclaimed after revolution overthrows Manchu dynasty

1988-1996

• April 19, 1989 - Tens of thousands of Chinese students take over Beijing's Tiananmen Square in rally for democracy (social change)
• Feb 1, 1992 - Bush and Yeltsin proclaim formal end to cold war
• Oct 30, 1995 Quebec narrowly rejects independence from Canada

Uranus in Aquarius - Fixed Air – Stabilizing social and intellectual security, need to be innovative and create social change.

1829-1836

• 1829: Greece gains independence from Ottoman Empire
• 1830: First railway line is built in England

1912-1919

• 1913 - Suffragists demonstrate in London. Garment workers strike in New York and Boston for better working conditions
• 1914 – WWI begins (questionable leadership)
• 1917 - Russian Revolution

1996-2003

• March 22, 1997 -  Heaven's Gate cult members commit mass suicide in California (questionable leadership/ unique approach to changing humanity)
• Oct 13, 1999 - Tobacco companies admit to harm caused by cigarette smoking (unique approach to changing humanity)
• Sept 11, 2001 – 911 (created a huge change worldwide socially)

Uranus in Pisces - Mutable Water - Adapting to emotional and soul learning. Needs to commit to the ideal dream and work toward its realization

1837-1844

• Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist – social commentary
• Photography
• Opium Wars in China
• Mass immigration to US
• US – Canada border defined

1919-1927

• 1919 to 1927 there were radical changes in beliefs, religion, and morals. This was the period of prohibiting alcohol and the split between the moralistic and the wild Roaring Twenties.
• 1925 - John T. Scopes convicted and fined for teaching evolution in a public school in Tennessee “Monkey Trial”; sentence set aside.
• 1926 - Gertrude Ederle of U.S. is first woman to swim English Channel

2003-2011

• Dec 26, 2004 - Enormous tsunami devastates Asia; at least 225,000 killed.
• Aug 2005 -  Hurricane Katrina wreaks catastrophic damage on the Gulf Coast; more than 1,000 die and millions are left homeless. Americans are shaken not simply by the magnitude of the disaster but by how ill-prepared all levels of government were in its aftermath.

Uranus in Aries -  Cardinal Fire – Independent, ingenious, new beginnings

1845-1851

• Inventor of the telephone Alexander Graham Bell was born
• Revolutions of 1848: Largest political upheaval in European history. Revolutionaries and working class people were unhappy with the political leadership and were demanding more participation and involvement in their government.

1927-1935

• 1927: A diamond rush in South Africa includes trained athletes hired by several major firms to stake claims.
• 1927: First sports commentary on the BBC radio
• Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as Black Tuesday
• Women become persons in Canada
• Nazis rise to power

2011 to 2018

• Civil wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya, Sudan
• LGBTQ – more acceptance of how people identify sexually
• In North America: Black Lives Matter,

Uranus in Taurus – Fixed Earth – Finding new ways to be practical

1851-1858

• First World Fair
• Darwin’s Theory of evolution – gave people a new way of viewing life
• Independence of Cuba
• First railway and telegraph lines in India
• Smallpox vaccine

1935-1942

• 1939 – WWII France, UK, Australia, NZ, South Africa & Canada declared war on Germany
• 1939 – Australia’s worst bushfire kills 71
• Dust Bowl

Neptune

• First discovered in 1612 by Galileo, but he didn’t realize it was a planet
• Officially discovered in 1846
• Orbit: 165 years
• 14 years in each sign
• Co-Rules: Pisces
• Masculine - Malefic
• Retrograde approximately 5 months/year
• MYTHOLOGY: Poseidon, God of the Seas. Brother to Zeus, God of the Sky, and Hades, God of the Underworld.
• RULES: Dreams, illusions, dissolving boundaries, delusion, escapism, creativity, inspiration, visions, deception, spirituality, mysticism
• SKILLED: gifted in dance, music, poetry, art. Strong spirituality or psychic ability, desire to create a better world.
• UNSKILLED: addiction to mind altering substances, confusion, escapist behaviour, hypochondria, lack of focus, paranoia.

Western astrologers use Neptune to represent illumination, illusions, disillusions, and delusions as well as spiritual seeking and mystical truths.  It “is the inspiration that must take place before a thing can be brought into the physical world” (Robert Hand)

Neptune rules dreams and visions, self-sacrifice, charity, religion, the intangible, confusion, escapism, deception, glamour, drugs, addictions, merging or uniting, compassion, and lack of boundaries.
Esoteric astrologers consider Neptune the higher octave of Venus and place strong emphasis on its representation of spiritual possibilities. 

Alan Leo (1911):
Of Neptune ... little that is definite can be said at present. He tends to render the nature sensuous and dreamy when prominent in a horoscope, and when afflicted gives a decided tendency to fraud. Undoubtedly, he acts as a malefic upon the majority.

Marc Edmund Jones (1945):
(Neptune) identifies that point in the horoscope where the individual is under the greatest necessity to do what the group as a whole wishes him to do, or where any extreme of co-operation or allegiance is demanded of him by other people in general. Thus Neptune ... describes the situation under which anyone is brought up short most definitely, whenever he fails to respond to the opportunities for this larger mode of being.

Karen Hamaker-Zondag (1980):
The Neptune factor signifies a refining of existing psychic contents. In particular, the emotional aspects of experience and the range of experience undergo a change. ... Universal love, understanding, warmth and human dedication are typical of Neptune and so the planet has come to be treated as a higher octave of Venus. It is the source in man from which the gifted artist and the devoted religious or secular leader draw their inspiration.

Robert Hand (1981):
(Neptune) eludes definition because it is associated with aspects of the universe that are unclear, illusory, delusory, ill-defined, and even imaginary. ... Neptune may also signify both an ideal and an illusion of the perfectly ideal.

Neptune in Aquarius

1834-1848

• Neptune is discovered
• Romantic era (roughly1800 – 1850) romantic artists and musicians did away with rules and began to trust their imagination and intuition. Many viewed God as a spiritual force and rebelled against the dogma of the church.
• German Idealism supports the idea that it is human consciousness, not science, that builds the world.
• The Earliest negative photograph
• Hans Christian Anderson publishes the first of his tales for children
• US/Mexican war begins. Texas is annexed
• Publication of Scientific American
• Karl Marx Publishes the Communist Party Manifesto 1848

1998-2012

• Rapid Technological Advancements – individuals own cellphones and personal computers.
• Social Media - Twitter, Facebook etc.
• Pluto demoted to the dwarf planet category after the discovery of similar bodies

Neptune in Pisces

1848-1862

• 1848 Karl Marx publishes the Communist Manifesto
• First use of anesthetics ether and chloroform
• 1859: Charles Darwin published the Origin of the Species which threatens the worldview of Christianity
• Gold discovered in New South Wales

2013 – present

Neptune in Aries 1861-1874

• Invention of the machine gun and dynamite
• US Civil War
• Louis Pasteur germ theory
• Australian woman allowed to vote
• First Geneva Convention

Neptune in Taurus 1875-1889

• Theosophical Society founded
• Pacific Stock Exchange opens
• Invention of the telephone
• Invention of the phonograph

Neptune in Gemini 1889-1902

• Psychoanalysis
• Motion pictures
• Telegram goes around the world in 80 seconds

Neptune in Cancer 1902-1915

• American occupation of Cuba ends
• Colombia recognizes Panama's independence
• Food and Drug Act (USA)
• Development of unions
• Colour photography
• WWI Begins

Neptune in Leo 1915-1929

• Norway approves active & passive female suffrage
• Women Granted the Right to Vote in U.S.
• "Tarzan of the Apes", 1st Tarzan film, premieres at Broadway Theater
• First transatlantic telephone call
• First birth control clinic opens in US

Neptune in Virgo 1929-1942

• Gandhi leads the salt march
• Beginning of great depression and WWII
• Stock market crash

Neptune in Libra 1942-1957

• Baby boomer generation who later become the hippies, believing in peace harmony.
• End of WWII
• Beginning of United Nations

Neptune in Scorpio 1957-1970

• Man on the moon
• Woodstock
• Vietnam War
• Marilyn Monroe is found dead of an apparent overdose.
• Aug. 28, 1963 Civil rights rally held by 200,000 blacks and whites in Washington, D.C.; Martin Luther King delivers “I have a dream” speech. Demand for individual freedom.

Neptune in Sagittarius 1970-1984

• Conflicts between capitalist and communist forces.
• End of Vietnam War
• Watergate
• Conclusion of the Cultural Revolution in China
• First test tube baby is born

Neptune in Capricorn 1984-1998

• Scandals on Wall Street: stock, market plunge and brief recession.
• Iraq-Iran War/Oil Spill
• Chernobyl disaster
• Car seat, seat belt and helmet use mandatory for children (US)

Pluto

• Discovered in 1930
• Orbit: 248 years
• 11-32 years in a sign
• Co-Ruler: Scorpio
• Masculine – Malefic
• Retrograde for approximately 5 months/year: internalization of our desire for control and power; denial of ones own capacity for depth and strength.
• MYTHOLOGY: Hades, God of the Underworld. Brother to Zeus who ruled the Sky and Poseidon who ruled the Sea. Abductor of Persephone. 
• COLLECTIVELY: Effects generations. Setting up questions and themes that societies work on together
• INDIVIDUALLY: Phoenix rising from the ashes.
• RULES: Unconscious forces symbolized by destruction, death and rebirth, decay, elimination, radical transformation, rebirth and power, revolution, deep instincts, the underworld
• SKILLED: the ability to rebound against all odds, the ability to re-invent oneself, regeneration, resourcefulness, resilience.
• UNSKILLED: abuse of power, dark motivations, obsession, self-destructive.

Astrologically, Pluto has come to rule the unconscious mind, deep instincts, and the underworld. It represents the power to create as well as the power to destroy. It symbolizes the power of radical transformation and revolution.

Keywords include power-it's use or misuse, obsession, death, birth, regeneration (sex), destruction, and metamorphosis, exchanges in genetic material, genetics, research, spiritual regeneration, the phoenix rising out of the ashes.

It represents the principles that something must die in order for something new to take place and survival that requires collaboration.

In size, Pluto is smaller than our Moon. Although it is now a dwarf, because Pluto has been used in charts for nearly 100 years, most modern astrologers still commonly use it as if it were one of the main planets.

Elbert Benjamine (1939):
More than any other planet, Pluto exerts an influence which may express in two diametrically opposite qualities. ... Pluto is never wishy-washy. The Lower-Pluto influence combines cunning with daring to attain its own self-seeking ends, and permits nothing to stand in its way. ... The Upper-Pluto influence ... is sagacious, drastic and forceful, but works invariably for the benefit of all. The key word for Pluto is Co-operation, his worst quality is Inversion, and his best quality is Spirituality.

Marc Edmund Jones (1945):
Pluto, in its indication of obsession--taken as potentially no less constructive than unfortunate, or as the compelling vision by which men are caught up out of themselves in a transcendence of lesser living--is the planet of meditative activity in cultural self-relationship, or is the mass mind which directs the basic formulation ... of social concepts. ... Pluto shows the native's impersonal response to his group's needs and dangers.

Karen Hamaker-Zondag (1980):
The function of the Pluto factor in the human psyche is extremely critical; it is, to quote Jeff Mayo, '... a natural outlet for bringing to the surface those repressed and lost factors out of the personal unconscious.'

Robert Hand (1981):
Pluto is the archetype of death and resurrection: it breaks down the old and outworn entities into their component parts, and then reassembles them into new being.

Pluto in Cancer 1914-1939 - 25 years

• Overlap between Greatest Generation (1901-1926) and Silent Generation (1927-1945). Both generations were influenced by the war years, and enjoyed prosperity in midlife.
• Need to give and receive emotional warmth & security
• Capacity to deal with “death”. Transformation/renewing.
• Wars and the great depression which occurred while this generation was young created financial insecurity, but ultimately provided a higher level of education and prosperity than the generations before them.
• Individuals will go through a lot of changes that affect their sense of security
• They feel everything very intensely
• It is difficult for them to let go of possessions and people
• Early family life may be dramatically affected by forces beyond one's immediate control
• Community minded, sense of civic duty.
• Accepted gender stereotypes

Pluto in Leo 1937-1958 - 21 years

• Silent Generation (1927 – 1945) and Baby Boom Generation (1946-1964)
• The surge in post-war births created a large generation of individuals who were not called to war. They grew up in an era of abundance, and were provided greater education and employment opportunities than any other generation to date.
• First generation of teenagers – they were not expected to take on adult responsibilities young
• Need to creatively express themselves and be appreciated by others
• Many people of this generation freely expressed themselves through music, dance, art, clothing, etc.
• Women began working outside the home
• Rejecting traditional values, the sexual revolution took place when this generation came of age.
• Technological advances provided more leisure time for this generation. This in turn gives them the opportunity to be more fit than previous generations, resulting in an extended expected life span. 
• Continue to enjoy the pleasures of life after retirement – no rocking chairs for them.

Pluto in Virgo 1956-1972  - 16 years

• Spans a portion of Baby Boom Generation (1946-1964) and Generation X (1965-1980) but missing many of the benefits enjoyed by the Baby Boom Generation. More cynical than their parents, educated but underemployed.
• Self sufficient as their mothers were working and not at home for them as children
• Ecologically minded
• Need to analyze, discriminate and function efficiently. Cautious and skeptical.
• Pluto in Virgo seeks transformation in the areas of service, everyday work and health
• Generation of computers to eliminate human error, but pre-high tech.
• Grew up in times of uncertainty due to divorced parents, economic recessions and world events like AIDS, Chernobyl and the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
• Largest group of people who never married or had children. Many single parents.

Pluto in Libra 1971-1984 - 13 years

• Spans Generation X (1960-1980) and Millennial or Generation Y (1981-2000)
• Children of the Baby Boomers
• Strives to cooperate with others to create beauty, balance and harmony
• Capacity to deal with “death”. Transformation/renewing.
• Highest divorce rate on record which effects the view of relationship to the children born into this generation. Consequently, they strive to find balance in relationships.
• Many of these people are known as being the indigo children and the crystal children.
• Perception of relationships changes.
• Grew up in a digital world

Pluto in Scorpio 1983-1995 - 12 years

• Millennials or Generation Y (1981-2000)
• Need for deep involvements and intense transformations.
• Increased capacity to deal with death.
• Interest in magical experiences (Harry Potter) as well as violence and sex seen in music and video games
• Depth psychology goes mainstream
• Many cultural taboos, physical and psychological abuses were brought into our consciousness including domestic abuse, incest. Adults began to reveal their pedophile perpetrators.

Pluto in Sagittarius 1995-2008 - 13 years

• Millennials/Gen Y and Generation Z (born after 2001)
• Record number of births in 2006 – surpassing that of the Baby Boom Generation
• Need to explore and expand the horizons of my mind and world.
• This generation is very philosophical and rebellious.  They seek action and loathe boredom.
• Travel freedoms have been dramatically controlled and revised during Pluto in Sagittarius.
• Extremes in consumerism

Pluto in Capricorn 2008-2024 - 16 years

• Generation Z
• Need for structure, organization and accomplishment.
• Breakdown and renewal of government structures and systems.
• Cryptocurrencies threaten to replace monetary system
• Economic collapse

 

Bibliography:
Benjamine, Elbert (1939) The Influence of the Planet Pluto: The Aries Press
Edmond Jones, Mark (1945) Astrology: How and Why it Works: Pelican Books
Hamaker Zondag, Karen (1980) Astro Psychology: Aquarian Press
Hand, Robert (1981) Horoscope Symbols: Whitford Press
Leo, Alan (1983) The Key to Your Own Nativity: Destiny Books
Perry, Marvin (2001) Western Civilization, A Brief History: Houghton Mifflin Company
Kepler College W101 Course Material

Image sources:
Uranus clouds: NASA, ESA, and M. Showalter (SETI Institute) (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons
Neptune: NASA (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons
Pluto: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

First published in: ivcconference.com/constellation-news/, 2018.

Author:
Donna Young is an instructor with Kepler College, as well as the Canadian Association for Astrological Education. Committed to growing the astrological community, she co-hosts a monthly gathering in Calgary, AB for astrologers of all levels, and helps to organize an annual conference designed to encourage the development of Canadian Astrologers.
She holds an AA degree from Kepler College in the History and Symbology of Astrology, Level III NCGR-PAA Certification, and serves as the Canadian satellite representative for the Organization for Professional Astrology (OPA). Her private consulting practice is in Alberta, Canada, and she can be contacted via www.donnayoungastrologer.com.

© 2018 - Donna Young - Constellation News

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