Dateline Canada - Bill-C224 was Gutted and sent back as an Empty Shell!

Dateline Canada - Bill-C224 was Gutted and sent back as an Empty Shell!

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Urgent: Report stage for Bill-C224 is December 3.

Liberal members of the of the Health Committee deleted every clause of Bill-C224, but the bill returns to the House of Commons at report stage on December 3. MP Blaine Calkins can move to restore the original clauses.

The committee gutted the bill...But at report stage, MPs can put the original clauses back. MP Blaine Calkins is ready to move the amendments.

Without restoration, essential nutrients stay trapped in pharmaceutical-style rules that raise prices, limit products, and restrict truthful information.

Natural health products are classed by law as food in the U.S. They are deemed by law to be safe in the U.S. There is no requirement for government pre-approval in the form of a licence in the U.S. This is because Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994.

Over 70% of Canadians rely on natural health products. Health Canada is over-regulating safe, time-tested natural health products by treating them like pharmaceutical drugs, that often come with lengthy lists of dangerous side-effects. We deserve the freedom to choose how we care for our health and our families.

Natural health products (NHPs) include our vital nutrients and our natural remedies. Recently our NHPs were moved into the class of drugs reserved for dangerous chemical drugs. Vital nutrients such as Magnesium and Vitamin D are essential for health. They should be promoted. They should not be put into the restrictive therapeutic product category. This is morally wrong and small and medium-sized Canadian natural health product companies will drown under Health Canada's new regulations.

Visit nhppa.org/last-chance-for-224/ to find everything you need to get involved. Send emails, print letters, download ready-made social media posts, contact candidates.

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Souces

https://nhppa.org/last-chance-for-224/

Bill-C224 in Canada

Bill-C224 in Canada

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What is bill c-224 in Canada?

Depending on the parliamentary session referenced, Bill C-224 in Canada can refer to a few different Private Member's Bills. Most recently, it refers to a high-profile health freedom and supplement regulation bill.

1. Natural Health Products (45th Parliament)

In the 45th Parliament, Bill C-224—titled An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (natural health products)—is a Private Member's Bill introduced by Conservative MP Blaine Calkins.

• Objective: The bill aims to amend Canada's Food and Drugs Act to explicitly exclude Natural Health Products (NHPs)—such as vitamins, minerals, herbal remedies, probiotics, and protein powders—from being classified as "therapeutic products" alongside pharmaceutical drugs.

• Key Arguments for the Bill: Supporters argue it protects consumer choice, keeps health supplements accessible and affordable, and prevents excessive cost increases or bureaucratic burdens imposed on small business NHP manufacturers by Health Canada.

• Key Arguments Against: Opponents (including Health Canada and various public health groups) argue that removing NHPs from the therapeutic products category undermines consumer safety regulations, limits the government's power to issue mandatory recalls on contaminated or unsafe supplements, and weakens labeling transparency rules.

2. Historical Bills Designated "C-224"

In earlier parliaments, other Private Member's Bills designated as C-224 addressed different subjects:

• National Framework on Cancers Linked to Firefighting Act (44th Parliament, 2023): Introduced by MP Sherry Romanado, this bill successfully received Royal Assent in June 2023. It established a national framework to support firefighters by improving access to cancer prevention, early screening, and research regarding occupational cancer risks faced by firefighters.

• Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (42nd Parliament, 2017): Introduced as Bill C-224 by MP Ron McKinnon, this legislation became law in May 2017 to provide legal protection from drug possession charges for individuals seeking emergency medical assistance during a drug overdose.

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And what is the current status of this bill?

As of late October 2026, Bill C-224 (An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (natural health products)) is at Report Stage in the House of Commons.

Legislative Journey & Current Position

1. Second Reading & Referral (March 2026): The bill successfully passed its Second Reading in the House of Commons and was referred to the Standing Committee on Health (HESA) for detailed study.

2. Committee Consideration & Amendments (June – October 2026): The Health Committee examined the bill across several meetings in mid-to-late 2026, hearing testimony from the bill's sponsor (MP Blaine Calkins), stakeholder groups, and health advocacy organizations.

3. Report Stage (October 21, 2026): The Standing Committee on Health presented its report back to the House of Commons with proposed amendments. Key among the amendments debated in committee were measures to ensure mandatory recall powers for unsafe/contaminated supplements remain intact while removing broader pharmaceutical-style fee and compliance burdens.

Next Steps for the Bill

• Report Stage Debate & Concurrence: Members of Parliament will debate and vote on the committee's reported amendments.

• Third Reading: If the amendments pass Report Stage, the bill will proceed to Third Reading for a final vote in the House of Commons.

• Senate Review: If passed at Third Reading, Bill C-224 will be sent to the Senate of Canada for consideration before it can receive Royal Assent and become law.

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What key amendments were added to Bill C-224 during its study in the Standing Committee on Health?

During its study of Bill C-224 (An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (natural health products)), the Standing Committee on Health (HESA) considered key amendments aimed at balancing consumer choice and small business protections with essential public health oversight.

The primary objective of Bill C-224 is to exclude natural health products (NHPs) from being classified under the same stringent "therapeutic products" regime as pharmaceutical drugs. During committee deliberations, key amendments were introduced to address concerns raised by public health agencies and opposition members:

Key Amendments Considered in Committee

1. Exclusion of Nicotine Products from the NHP Framework

   • Purpose: To ensure that all nicotine-based smoking cessation or replacement products remain classified strictly as "therapeutic products" rather than as general natural health products.

   • Rationale: Given that nicotine is a highly addictive substance, committee members agreed that smoking-cessation therapies require continued pharmaceutical-grade regulatory oversight, preventing them from falling into a looser NHP category.

2. Preservation of Health Canada's Mandatory Recall Powers

   • Purpose: To explicitly clarify that the Minister of Health retains the legislative power to order mandatory recalls of natural health products in cases of contamination, adulteration, or immediate safety hazards.

   • Rationale: A major concern from health advocates was that removing NHPs from the "therapeutic products" framework under Vanessa's Law would strip regulators of emergency recall powers. The amendment ensures that Health Canada can act swiftly against unsafe batches or bad actors without subjecting compliant supplement makers to pharmaceutical-level fee structures.

3. Clarification of Site Licensing & Pre-Market Authorization Rules

• Purpose: To reaffirm existing baseline compliance mechanisms, such as mandatory Natural Product Numbers (NPNs), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and Health Canada site licenses.

• Rationale: The committee refined the language to distinguish between heavy post-market pharmaceutical drug rules and standard pre-market NHP licensing, confirming that Health Canada maintains border controls, product testing powers, and label modification rights.

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What is the next legislative step for Bill C-224 now that it has been reported back to the House of Commons?

The Standing Committee on Health (HESA) presented its report on Bill C-224 to the House of Commons.

1. Report Stage Consideration & Debate

• Submitting Motions: Members of Parliament (MPs) can place report stage motions on the House Order Paper. Because Liberal committee members voted down key clauses during HESA deliberations, bill sponsor MP Blaine Calkins has submitted report stage motions to re-insert the bill's original clauses to restore its core intent.

• House Debate & Voting: MPs will debate the committee’s report and vote individually on the proposed report stage motions (including whether to restore the original wording or uphold committee modifications).

2. Concurrence Motion

• Once the proposed amendments and report stage motions are voted on, the House must vote on a motion to concur in the bill at Report Stage (either as amended by the committee or as modified by report stage votes).

3. Third Reading

• After concurrence, the bill moves directly to Third Reading in the House of Commons.

• This is the final opportunity for MPs to debate the entire piece of legislation. A final vote will be called; if a majority votes in favor, the bill officially passes the House of Commons.

4. Senate Consideration

• If passed at Third Reading, Bill C-224 is sent to the Senate of Canada, where it must go through three readings and a committee review before proceeding to Royal Assent to become law.

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Source

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BIG PHARMA vs Natural Health! Canada Faces Explosive Supplement Regulation Battle

BIG PHARMA vs Natural Health! Canada Faces Explosive Supplement Regulation Battle

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On Nov 5 there was a podcast aired by 'The Financial Exprress' called 'BIG PHARMA vs Natural Health! Canada Faces Explosive Supplement Regulation Battle'. Could you give me a detailed report on what was discussed in this podcast?

The podcast episode titled "BIG PHARMA vs Natural Health! Canada Faces Explosive Supplement Regulation Battle" addresses the intense, high-stakes conflict surrounding Health Canada’s regulatory overhaul of natural health products (NHPs) and the broader political and economic tug-of-war.

A detailed report on the primary issues, arguments, and regulatory shifts discussed in this debate covers several key areas:

1. The Core Regulatory Overhaul & Cost-Recovery Framework

• The Shift from Light-Touch Oversight: For decades, Canada regulated natural health products under a relatively flexible, low-risk framework. However, following a 2021 federal audit by the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development—which criticized Health Canada for infrequent facility inspections and a lack of robust compliance tools—the government moved to significantly tighten oversight.

• Cost-Recovery Fees: The regulatory package includes steep new fee structures for manufacturers and suppliers, such as annual right-to-sell fees per Natural Product Number (NPN), site licensing fees, and hefty pre-market evaluation charges. While designed to self-fund the regulatory body, critics argue these fees disproportionately punish small-to-medium enterprises.

2. The Impact of "Vanessa’s Law" (Bill C-47)

• Expanded Powers: The integration of amendments from Vanessa’s Law into the NHP framework grants Health Canada sweeping new enforcement powers.

• Severe Liabilities: Regulators can now compel product recalls, mandate packaging/labeling changes, demand confidential records, and impose severe penalties—including corporate fines of up to $5 million—for serious non-compliance or unsupported product claims. The podcast highlights how this transforms marketing and labeling into a massive legal and financial liability for brands.

3. "Big Pharma" vs. Independent Makers & Consumer Choice

• The "Big Pharma" Narrative: Critics, industry advocates, and opposition politicians frame the aggressive regulatory push as an existential threat driven or enabled by corporate and bureaucratic interests. The argument centers on whether excessive red tape is an intentional mechanism to crowd out small-scale, artisanal, and independent supplement makers.

• Threat to Product Diversity: Industry analysts point out that flat-rate compliance and relicensing costs are negligible for large multi-national corporations, but can easily force boutique brands, niche herbal tinctures, and specialized supplements off store shelves entirely.

• Consumer Access: Proponents of reform argue that stricter rules protect consumers from misleading health claims and unsafe ingredients. Conversely, opponents and political critics emphasize that over 80% of Canadians rely on natural health products, arguing that these regulations restrict personal health choices under the guise of consumer safety.

4. Political Pushback and Legislative Battles

• The debate highlights active legislative friction, including opposition efforts (such as private member initiatives led by Conservative MPs like Blaine Calkins and Raquel Dancho) attempting to push back against what they characterize as bureaucratic overreach.

• Despite industry pushback forcing temporary pauses or adjustments on specific cost-recovery rollouts, the broader timeline—including label compliance deadlines rolling toward 2028—continues to serve as a major flashpoint between Ottawa, retailers, and health-conscious consumers.

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What are the specific economic impacts of Health Canada's 2026 NHP regulations on small independent supplement retailers and local brands?

Health Canada’s ongoing natural health product (NHP) regulatory modernization—driven by Vanessa’s Law amendments (Bill C-47), updated labelling rules, and the proposed Cost-Recovery Framework—is creating a major economic filter across the Canadian supplement landscape.

While large multinational pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies have the legal infrastructure and capital to absorb these changes, small independent supplement retailers and niche Canadian manufacturers face distinct, severe economic pressures.

1. Assortment Trimming and Loss of Long-Tail Products

• The SKU Rationalization Crisis: Small brands often survive on niche formulations (e.g., specialized herbal tinctures, targeted botanical blends, or low-volume homeopathic remedies). Mandatory label changes—requiring standard "Product Facts" tables, larger font sizes, and allergen disclaimers—carry high re-design and reprint costs.

• Discontinuation of Niche Lines: For a product generating modest annual revenue, re-labelling alone can erase profit margins. As a result, local brands are voluntarily delisting low-volume SKUs rather than investing to keep them compliant for the mid-2028 final label deadline, directly shrinking the product variety available on independent store shelves.

2. The Threat of Fixed Cost-Recovery Fees

• Flat Fees vs. Small Scale: Although Health Canada temporarily paused the immediate rollout of NHP cost-recovery fees under the broader Red Tape Review, the proposed structure remains a major long-term planning concern. The structure features flat charges (e.g., ~$542 annual right-to-sell fees per NPN, site licensing fees up to ~$23,000+, and pre-market evaluation fees).

• Disproportionate Burden: While a flat annual fee is negligible for a massive corporation selling hundreds of thousands of units of Vitamin C, it can push a small batch maker selling 500 units of a local formula underwater. Even with proposed small-business fee remissions (e.g., 25% off annual right-to-sell fees), small business advocates argue the fixed-fee model inherently favors scale.

3. Legal Risk, Compliance Overhead, and Liability Costs

• Vanessa’s Law Penalties: Under Bill C-47, NHPs fall under enhanced compliance and enforcement authority. Maximum administrative fines for serious non-compliance or unverified claims rose from historic minor fees up to $5 million per day.

• Shift to Rigorous Audit Trails: Small brands can no longer rely on informal product claims or ambiguous health disclaimers. Retailers and small manufacturers are having to hire regulatory consultants or legal teams to audit landing pages, store shelf-talkers, and packaging to avoid audit liability, adding significant administrative overhead.

4. Retail Channel Shift & Cross-Border Leakage

• Independent Retailer Margin Squeeze: Independent health food stores differentiate themselves from big-box pharmacies by carrying diverse, local, and artisanal brands. As local suppliers fold or cut product lines, independent retailers lose their unique competitive selling proposition.

• Consumer Cross-Border Purchasing: As compliance costs push Canadian retail prices higher—or cause favorite natural products to be discontinued locally—consumers increasingly turn to unauthorized online international sellers (such as U.S.-based e-commerce sites). This results in a direct loss of revenue for Canadian brick-and-mortar storefronts without reducing consumer demand.

5. Stifled Innovation and R&D Costs

• Small local brands historically served as the incubator for NHP innovation, introducing novel ingredients or localized traditional formulations to the Canadian market.

• Under the new framework, filing pre-market applications for novel products (Class III applications) involves significant financial investment and extended review timelines (up to 210–300 days). The financial risk of a rejected application deters small businesses from bringing innovative new products to market.

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How does Canadian Private Member's Bill C-224 propose to amend the Food and Drugs Act to protect natural health products?

Canadian Private Member’s Bill C-224—introduced by Conservative MP Blaine Calkins (and previously introduced in an earlier session as Bill C-368)—was drafted to explicitly carve out Natural Health Products (NHPs) from Health Canada's pharmaceutical drug enforcement framework.

The bill proposes key legislative amendments to the Food and Drugs Act to protect the NHP industry and preserve consumer access:

1. Excluding NHPs from the Definition of "Therapeutic Products"

• The Core Amendment: The central mechanism of Bill C-224 is amending Section 2 of the Food and Drugs Act to explicitly declare that natural health products are not "therapeutic products".

• Reversing Bill C-47 Integration: In 2023, the federal government used Budget Implementation Bill C-47 to expand the definition of "therapeutic products" to include NHPs. This change brought supplements under Vanessa’s Law, granting Health Canada the same sweeping oversight mechanisms for vitamins and herbal remedies as high-risk prescription pharmaceuticals.

• The Protection: By excluding NHPs from the "therapeutic product" definition, Bill C-224 strips away Health Canada’s authority to apply pharmaceutical-grade penalties, heavy monitoring regimes, and corporate fines (up to $5 million per day) to supplement makers.

2. Shielding NHPs from Cost-Recovery and Heavy-Handed Enforcement

• Stopping Cost-Recovery Fees: Because the federal government’s proposed cost-recovery framework (charging thousands in annual right-to-sell, licensing, and application fees) is anchored in its expanded authority over therapeutic products, Bill C-224 removes the statutory hook used to impose those fee schedules on small NHP makers.

• Preventing Excessive Red Tape: Proponents argue that existing pre-market review, site licensing, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) under the standalone Natural Health Products Regulations are already sufficient to protect consumer safety without adding pharmaceutical-style administrative burdens.

3. Preserving the Traditional NHP Definition & Risk-Based Framework

• The bill seeks to restore a distinct, risk-based classification hierarchy that recognizes supplements, traditional medicines, vitamins, and minerals as low-to-medium risk items rather than synthetic drugs.

• It protects independent retailers and local Canadian manufacturers from being forced to trim product lines or fold due to compliance costs, thereby ensuring Canadians retain broad, affordable access to natural remedies.

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What is the current parliamentary status of Canadian Bill C-224 and what happened during its committee review? 

Current Parliamentary Status

Canadian Private Member’s Bill C-224 (An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (natural health products)), sponsored by Conservative MP Blaine Calkins, is currently at Report Stage in the House of Commons.

• Second Reading & Referral: The bill passed Second Reading and was referred to the Standing Committee on Health (HESA).

• Committee Report: The Standing Committee on Health completed its review and presented its report with amendments back to the House of Commons.

• Next Steps: The bill sits on the Order Paper at Report Stage, where Members of Parliament can debate committee modifications or propose further motions to alter or restore its provisions prior to a Third Reading vote.

What Happened During Committee Review

During consideration by the Standing Committee on Health (HESA), the bill experienced significant legislative pushback and procedural maneuvering between government MPs and opposition members:

1. Deletion of Core Restorative Clauses: Government and opposition committee members clashed over the primary objective of the bill—which aimed to completely remove Natural Health Products (NHPs) from the definition of "therapeutic products" (reversing the Vanessa's Law expansion under Bill C-47). In committee votes, key clauses that would have completely uncoupled NHPs from therapeutic product oversight were struck out or modified.

2. Testimony from Industry vs. Health Canada Officials:

   • Industry & Advocacy Groups: Representatives from organizations like the Canadian Health Food Association (CHFA) and the Natural Health Products Protection Association (NHPPA) testified regarding the severe economic burden, potential product losses, and cost-recovery pressures faced by small Canadian manufacturers. They urged MPs to preserve distinct, risk-based regulations for low-risk supplements rather than subjecting them to pharmaceutical frameworks.

   • Health Canada Representatives: Officials from the Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate and Health Product Compliance Directorate defended the Vanessa’s Law expansion. They cited historical audits pointing out past enforcement gaps, arguing that Health Canada needs modern recall powers, mandatory labelling updates, and penalty tools to ensure safety and quality standards.

3. Targeted Compromise Amendments: Specific targeted amendments were introduced during clause-by-clause consideration to address edge cases—such as ensuring nicotine-replacement products remain strictly regulated as therapeutic products for smoking cessation, and detailing explicit boundaries for ministerial recall powers.

4. Ongoing Campaign for Restoration: Because key provisions were weakened or removed during the committee stage, industry groups and supporting MPs are advocating during the current Report Stage for motions that would restore the bill's original protective language before it proceeds to a final Third Reading vote.

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What enforcement powers does Vanessa's Law give Health Canada regarding natural health products and unsupported health claims?

The integration of Vanessa’s Law provisions into the Natural Health Products (NHP) framework—via Division 27 of Budget Implementation Act Bill C-47—expanded Health Canada's enforcement authorities. By removing the historical exemption that kept NHPs separate from the definition of "therapeutic products" under the Food and Drugs Act, regulators gained pharmaceutical-grade oversight mechanisms to address non-compliance, safety risks, and unsupported health claims.

1. Mandatory Product Recalls

• Direct Order Authority: Historically, Health Canada relied heavily on voluntary manufacturer recalls or lengthier court injunctions. Under Vanessa's Law, the Minister of Health can compel a mandatory recall of any natural health product deemed to present a serious or imminent risk to health.

• Removal from Channels: The regulator can order entities across the supply chain—from importers and distributors to retail shelves—to immediately cease sales and clear inventory.

2. Mandated Labeling, Packaging & Claim Revisions

• Compulsory Modifications: Health Canada can order companies to modify product labeling or packaging.

• Targeting Unsupported Claims: If a product makes unapproved therapeutic claims, over-promising health outcomes, or omitting critical risk warnings, regulators can mandate immediate changes to packaging, brand names, or listed indications.

• Standardized Safety Disclaimers: It gives regulators authority to force standardized disclaimers or explicit warnings directly onto labels to prevent consumer misrepresentation.

3. Severe Fines and Corporate Penalties

• Dramatically Higher Fines: Prior to the extension of Vanessa's Law, statutory fines under the Food and Drugs Act for basic NHP non-compliance were capped at minor amounts (historically around $5,000 per offense).

• Up to $5 Million / Day: Under the unified therapeutic framework, maximum court-imposed fines for serious non-compliance or failure to follow an order rose up to $5,000,000 per day, alongside potential jail terms for severe offences. This shift elevated marketing violations and unapproved claim distribution from routine compliance notes into major legal liabilities.

4. Compulsory Post-Market Information & Confidential Data Disclosure

• Demanding Audit Trails: Regulators can compel businesses to submit technical data, marketing studies, customer complaint logs, or clinical safety metrics to substantiate product claims or investigate adverse events.

• Lifting Confidentiality for Safety: Health Canada holds expanded power to publicly disclose Confidential Business Information (CBI) without corporate consent if they determine an NHP poses a potential health risk to the public.

5. Express Prohibition of False or Misleading Information

• Statutory Violations: The law explicitly prohibits making false or misleading statements to Health Canada during NHP licensing, post-market audits, or safety inquiries. Providing inaccurate information to regulators regarding product formulations, active dosages, or evidence for claims constitutes a direct statutory offense subject to prosecution.

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What are the specific economic impacts of Health Canada's 2026 NHP regulations on small independent supplement retailers and local brands?

Health Canada’s 2026 regulatory framework for Natural Health Products (NHPs)—driven by the enforcement of Vanessa’s Law amendments (Bill C-47), updated Cost-Recovery fee structures, and strict Plain Language Labelling rules—creates distinct economic pressures across the supply chain.

While large multinational pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies have the legal infrastructure and capital to absorb these costs, small independent retailers and local Canadian manufacturers face a very different financial reality.

1. High Fixed Compliance Costs & The SKU Rationalization Crisis

• Label Redesign Costs: Updated labelling mandates (requiring standardized "Product Facts" tables, larger text sizes, and expanded allergen disclaimers) require complete repackaging. For small brands operating on tight margins, re-tooling packaging lines and re-printing labels for multiple SKUs requires significant upfront capital.

• Discontinuation of Niche Formulations: Local brands often specialize in small-batch or niche products (e.g., targeted botanical tinctures, specific herbal blends, or specialized supplements). When the cost to update labels and maintain regulatory filings exceeds a product's annual profit, manufacturers are forced to discontinue those lines. This "SKU rationalization" shrinks product availability for consumers.

2. Disproportionate Impact of Cost-Recovery Fees

• Flat Fees vs. Small-Scale Revenue: Under the framework’s fee structures—including annual right-to-sell fees per Natural Product Number (NPN), site licensing fees, and pre-market evaluation charges—costs are applied regardless of sales volume.

• Competitive Disadvantage: A flat annual fee is easily absorbed by a global manufacturer selling millions of units of basic Vitamin C, but it can make small-batch manufacturing of a low-volume product financially unviable. Even with small-business fee remissions, the fixed-cost model places lower-volume Canadian makers at a structural disadvantage.

3. Legal Risk, Audit Costs, and Liability Overhead

• Vanessa’s Law Fines: With maximum potential court fines under Bill C-47 scaling up to $5 million per day for serious non-compliance or unverified claims, the financial risk profile for selling supplements has changed dramatically.

• Increased Administrative Overhead: Independent brands can no longer rely on informal product claims or simple marketing language. Brands and retailers are forced to allocate resources toward regulatory consultants, legal audits, and technical compliance to verify store shelf-talkers, websites, and packaging, increasing fixed operational expenses.

4. Retail Channel Shift & Loss of Market Differentiation

• Margin Squeeze for Independent Stores: Independent health food stores rely on carrying unique, high-quality, local brands to compete against big-box stores and major pharmacy chains. As local suppliers trim product offerings or fold due to regulatory costs, independent stores lose a primary competitive edge.

• Cross-Border E-Commerce Leakage: As compliance costs drive up retail prices in Canada—or cause popular formulations to disappear from local shelves—consumers increasingly purchase products online from international retailers. This shifts revenue out of the domestic economy and away from Canadian storefronts without reducing consumer demand.

5. Stifled Innovation and Extended R&D Timelines

• Barriers to New Product Launches: Historically, small local businesses served as the incubator for NHP innovation, introducing novel ingredients and localized traditional remedies.

• High-Risk Capital Requirements: Preparing pre-market evidence and applications for novel (Class III) products now requires substantial time and capital. The extended review timelines and financial risks mean smaller companies are far less likely to invest in bringing new, innovative health products to market.

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Source

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjQFBBPxfcI

Google Gemini